{"dataset":{"id":"248","dataset_id":"nm000215","name":"P300 dataset BI2014b from a \"Brain Invaders\" experiment","description":"This dataset comprises electroencephalographic recordings from 38 healthy subjects engaged in a multi-user P300-based Brain-Computer Interface experiment called Brain Invaders. Participants played in pairs across three conditions (Solo1, Solo2, and Collaboration) using a visual oddball paradigm with 36 symbols to elicit P300 responses. The study investigates inter-brain synchrony during collaborative BCI gaming, with 32-channel EEG recordings sampled at 512 Hz using wet electrodes in a standard 10-10 montage.","owner_user_id":19,"status":"active","github_repo":"nemarDatasets/nm000215","concept_doi":"10.82901/nemar.nm000215","latest_version_doi":"10.82901/nemar.nm000215.v1.0.2","created_at":"2026-03-24 05:38:42","updated_at":"2026-08-18 21:15:18","zenodo_concept_id":"20518708","is_sandbox":0,"visibility":"public","ezid_status":"public","enrichment_json":"{\n  \"version\": \"2.0\",\n  \"pipeline_stage\": \"validated\",\n  \"title\": \"P300 dataset BI2014b from a \\\"Brain Invaders\\\" experiment\",\n  \"description\": \"This dataset comprises electroencephalographic recordings from 38 healthy subjects engaged in a multi-user P300-based Brain-Computer Interface experiment called Brain Invaders. Participants played in pairs across three conditions (Solo1, Solo2, and Collaboration) using a visual oddball paradigm with 36 symbols to elicit P300 responses. The study investigates inter-brain synchrony during collaborative BCI gaming, with 32-channel EEG recordings sampled at 512 Hz using wet electrodes in a standard 10-10 montage.\",\n  \"methods_description\": \"Multi-user hyperscanning P300 BCI experiment conducted at GIPSA-lab, Grenoble, France in 2014. Participants played Brain Invaders 2 across three randomized conditions: Solo1 (player 1 active, player 2 observes cross), Solo2 (roles reversed), and Collaboration (both players active). Each session comprised 9 levels with predefined alien configurations. Visual stimuli consisted of 12 flashes per repetition using pseudo-random groups of 6 symbols (1:5 Target:Non-Target ratio). EEG was recorded using 32 active wet Ag/AgCl electrodes per subject (g.USBamp hardware, g.GAMMAcap, reference: right earlobe, ground: Fz) with synchronized experimental tags via USB analog-to-digital converter. Real-time adaptive RMDM classifier provided online visual feedback.\",\n  \"license\": \"CC-BY-4.0\",\n  \"dataset_type\": \"derivative\",\n  \"authors\": {\n    \"Louis Korczowski\": {},\n    \"Ekaterina Ostaschenko\": {\n      \"orcid\": \"0000-0002-4817-5753\",\n      \"affiliations\": [\n        {\n          \"name\": \"GIPSA-lab\"\n        }\n      ]\n    },\n    \"Anton Andreev\": {},\n    \"Grégoire Cattan\": {\n      \"orcid\": \"0000-0002-7515-0690\",\n      \"affiliations\": [\n        {\n          \"name\": \"GIPSA-lab\"\n        }\n      ]\n    },\n    \"Pedro Luiz Coelho Rodrigues\": {},\n    \"Violette Gautheret\": {},\n    \"Marco Congedo\": {\n      \"orcid\": \"0000-0003-2196-0409\",\n      \"affiliations\": [\n        {\n          \"name\": \"GIPSA-lab\"\n        }\n      ]\n    }\n  },\n  \"keywords\": [\n    {\n      \"term\": \"Electroencephalography\",\n      \"subject_scheme\": \"MeSH\",\n      \"value_uri\": \"http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D004569\"\n    },\n    {\n      \"term\": \"P300\"\n    },\n    {\n      \"term\": \"Brain-Computer Interface\"\n    },\n    {\n      \"term\": \"Oddball paradigm\"\n    },\n    {\n      \"term\": \"Hyperscanning\"\n    },\n    {\n      \"term\": \"Inter-brain synchrony\"\n    },\n    {\n      \"term\": \"Motor imagery\"\n    }\n  ],\n  \"related_identifiers\": [\n    {\n      \"identifier\": \"10.5281/zenodo.3267301\",\n      \"identifier_type\": \"DOI\",\n      \"relation_type\": \"References\"\n    },\n    {\n      \"identifier\": \"https://github.com/nemarDatasets/nm000215\",\n      \"identifier_type\": \"URL\",\n      \"relation_type\": \"IsDescribedBy\"\n    },\n    {\n      \"identifier\": \"https://nemar.org/dataset/nm000215\",\n      \"identifier_type\": \"URL\",\n      \"relation_type\": \"IsDescribedBy\"\n    },\n    {\n      \"identifier\": \"10.21105/joss.01896\",\n      \"identifier_type\": \"DOI\",\n      \"relation_type\": \"IsDescribedBy\"\n    }\n  ],\n  \"resource_type_general\": \"Dataset\",\n  \"resource_type_specific\": \"EEG Dataset\",\n  \"modalities\": [\n    \"eeg\"\n  ],\n  \"sizes\": [\n    \"1.3 GB (77 files)\"\n  ],\n  \"formats\": [\n    \".bdf\",\n    \".json\",\n    \".mat\",\n    \".md\",\n    \".tsv\",\n    \".yaml\",\n    \".yml\"\n  ],\n  \"source_hash\": \"03d2ae78cd1567c85021a859b471c97d7e2065ed5064cc2b00cf3285eda0a146\"\n}","last_activity_at":"2026-08-16 13:32:27","source":null,"source_id":null,"subject_count":38,"modalities":"eeg","age_min":24.1,"age_max":24.1,"file_size":1329333901,"total_files":467,"tasks":"p300","metadata_columns_error":null,"staleness_warn_stage":null,"staleness_admin_notified_at":null,"authors":"Louis Korczowski, Ekaterina Ostaschenko, Anton Andreev, Grégoire Cattan, Pedro Luiz Coelho Rodrigues, Violette Gautheret, Marco Congedo","license":"CC-BY-4.0","readme":"[![DOI](https://img.shields.io/badge/DOI-10.82901%2Fnemar.nm000215-blue)](https://doi.org/10.82901/nemar.nm000215)\n\n# P300 dataset BI2014b from a \"Brain Invaders\" experiment\n\nP300 dataset BI2014b from a \"Brain Invaders\" experiment.\n\n## Dataset Overview\n\n- **Code**: BrainInvaders2014b\n- **Paradigm**: p300\n- **DOI**: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3267301\n- **Subjects**: 38\n- **Sessions per subject**: 1\n- **Events**: Target=2, NonTarget=1\n- **Trial interval**: [0, 1] s\n- **File format**: mat and csv\n\n## Acquisition\n\n- **Sampling rate**: 512.0 Hz\n- **Number of channels**: 32\n- **Channel types**: eeg=32\n- **Channel names**: Fp1, Fp2, AFz, F7, F3, F4, F8, FC5, FC1, FC2, FC6, T7, C3, Cz, C4, T8, CP5, CP1, CP2, CP6, P7, P3, Pz, P4, P8, PO7, O1, Oz, O2, PO8, PO9, PO10\n- **Montage**: standard_1010\n- **Hardware**: g.USBamp (g.tec, Schiedlberg, Austria)\n- **Software**: OpenVibe\n- **Reference**: right earlobe\n- **Ground**: Fz\n- **Sensor type**: wet electrodes\n- **Line frequency**: 50.0 Hz\n- **Cap manufacturer**: g.tec\n- **Cap model**: g.GAMMAcap\n- **Electrode type**: wet\n- **Electrode material**: Ag/AgCl\n\n## Participants\n\n- **Number of subjects**: 38\n- **Health status**: healthy\n- **Age**: mean=24.1, std=3.09\n- **Gender distribution**: male=24, female=14\n- **BCI experience**: not naïve users - selected on the basis of their individual score during a preliminary session of Brain Invaders\n- **Species**: human\n\n## Experimental Protocol\n\n- **Paradigm**: p300\n- **Task type**: oddball\n- **Number of classes**: 2\n- **Class labels**: Target, NonTarget\n- **Study design**: multi-user/hyperscanning experiment with three randomized conditions (Solo1, Solo2, Collaboration). Subjects played in pairs. Solo conditions used a control design where non-playing participant focused on unanimated cross to prevent stimulus observation while EEG was recorded (to correct for fake inter-brain synchrony).\n- **Study domain**: inter-brain synchrony in collaborative BCI\n- **Feedback type**: visual\n- **Stimulus type**: visual flashes\n- **Stimulus modalities**: visual\n- **Primary modality**: visual\n- **Synchronicity**: synchronous\n- **Mode**: online\n- **Training/test split**: False\n- **Instructions**: destroy the target alien symbol as fast as possible. Up to eight attempts per level. If all attempts missed, level restarted.\n- **Stimulus presentation**: repetition_structure=12 flashes per repetition of pseudo-random groups of 6 symbols, such that each symbol flashes exactly twice per repetition, target_ratio=1:5 (Target vs Non-Target), flash_groups=6 rows and 6 columns (pseudo-random groups, not physical arrangement), animation=aliens slowly and regularly moved according to predefined path with constant inter-distance\n\n## HED Event Annotations\n\nSchema: HED 8.4.0 | Browse: https://www.hedtags.org/hed-schema-browser\n\n```\n  Target\n    ├─ Sensory-event\n    ├─ Experimental-stimulus\n    ├─ Visual-presentation\n    └─ Target\n\n  NonTarget\n    ├─ Sensory-event\n    ├─ Experimental-stimulus\n    ├─ Visual-presentation\n    └─ Non-target\n\n```\n## Paradigm-Specific Parameters\n\n- **Detected paradigm**: p300\n- **Number of targets**: 1\n\n## Data Structure\n\n- **Trials**: variable per session (9 levels, up to 8 attempts per level)\n- **Blocks per session**: 9\n- **Block duration**: variable, average ~33 seconds per level (5 minutes total for 9 levels) s\n- **Trials context**: 9 levels per game session, each with unique predefined spatial configuration of 36 aliens. Up to 8 attempts to destroy target per level.\n\n## Preprocessing\n\n- **Data state**: raw EEG with no digital filter applied, synchronized experimental tags using USB analog-to-digital converter to reduce jitter\n- **Preprocessing applied**: False\n- **Notes**: Experimental tags produced by Brain Invaders 2 were synchronized with EEG signals using USB analog-to-digital converter connected to g.USBamp trigger channel. This tagging procedure allows consistent tagging latency and jitter.\n\n## Signal Processing\n\n- **Classifiers**: RMDM (Riemannian Minimum Distance to Mean), Riemannian\n- **Feature extraction**: Covariance/Riemannian\n\n## Cross-Validation\n\n- **Evaluation type**: cross_session\n\n## Performance (Original Study)\n\n- **Classifier**: real-time adaptive RMDM classifier (calibration-free procedure)\n\n## BCI Application\n\n- **Applications**: gaming\n- **Environment**: small room with 24' screen, subjects sitting side by side at ~125cm distance, experimenter in adjacent room with one-way glass window\n- **Online feedback**: True\n\n## Tags\n\n- **Pathology**: Healthy\n- **Modality**: Visual\n- **Type**: Perception\n\n## Documentation\n\n- **Description**: EEG recordings of 38 subjects playing in pairs to the multi-user version of Brain Invaders P300-based BCI. Contains three conditions: Solo1, Solo2, and Collaboration.\n- **DOI**: 10.5281/zenodo.3267301\n- **Associated paper DOI**: hal-02173958\n- **License**: CC-BY-4.0\n- **Investigators**: Louis Korczowski, Ekaterina Ostaschenko, Anton Andreev, Grégoire Cattan, Pedro Luiz Coelho Rodrigues, Violette Gautheret, Marco Congedo\n- **Senior author**: Marco Congedo\n- **Institution**: GIPSA-lab, CNRS, University Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble INP\n- **Address**: GIPSA-lab, 11 rue des Mathématiques, Grenoble Campus BP46, F-38402, France\n- **Country**: FR\n- **Repository**: Zenodo\n- **Data URL**: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3267301\n- **Publication year**: 2019\n- **Ethics approval**: Ethical Committee of the University of Grenoble Alpes (Comité d'Ethique pour la Recherche Non-Interventionnelle)\n- **Acknowledgements**: At the end of the experiment two tickets of cinema were offered to each subject, for a total value of 15 euros per subject.\n- **Keywords**: Electroencephalography (EEG), P300, Brain-Computer Interface (BCI), Experiment, Collaboration, Multi-User, Hyperscanning\n\n## Abstract\n\nWe describe the experimental procedures for a dataset containing electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings of 38 subjects playing in pairs to the multi-user version of a visual P300-based Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) named Brain Invaders. The interface uses the oddball paradigm on a grid of 36 symbols (1 Target, 35 Non-Target) that are flashed pseudo-randomly to elicit a P300 response. EEG data were recorded using 32 active wet electrodes per subject (total: 64 electrodes) during three randomised conditions (Solo1, Solo2, Collaboration). The experiment took place at GIPSA-lab, Grenoble, France, in 2014.\n\n## Methodology\n\nMulti-user hyperscanning P300 BCI experiment designed to study inter-brain synchrony. Participants played Brain Invaders 2 in three conditions: Solo1 (player1 plays, player2 watches cross), Solo2 (roles reversed), and Collaboration (4 game sessions with both players). Each game session consisted of 9 levels with predefined alien configurations. A repetition used 12 flashes of pseudo-random groups of 6 symbols, ensuring each symbol flashed twice per repetition (1:5 Target:Non-Target ratio). Real-time adaptive RMDM classifier provided online feedback. Control condition (non-playing participant) allowed correction for fake inter-brain synchrony.\n\n## References\n\nKorczowski, L., Ostaschenko, E., Andreev, A., Cattan, G., Rodrigues, P. L. C., Gautheret, V., & Congedo, M. (2019). Brain Invaders Solo versus Collaboration: Multi-User P300-Based Brain-Computer Interface Dataset (BI2014b). https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02173958\nAppelhoff, S., Sanderson, M., Brooks, T., Vliet, M., Quentin, R., Holdgraf, C., Chaumon, M., Mikulan, E., Tavabi, K., Hochenberger, R., Welke, D., Brunner, C., Rockhill, A., Larson, E., Gramfort, A. and Jas, M. (2019). MNE-BIDS: Organizing electrophysiological data into the BIDS format and facilitating their analysis. Journal of Open Source Software 4: (1896). https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.01896\n\nPernet, C. R., Appelhoff, S., Gorgolewski, K. J., Flandin, G., Phillips, C., Delorme, A., Oostenveld, R. (2019). EEG-BIDS, an extension to the brain imaging data structure for electroencephalography. 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